中国贸促会经贸摩擦海外常年法律顾问（欧盟）简报
 
2016-3-23
 
WTO Dispute Roundup: Tuna, Fertilizer Battles Escalate
WTO争端综述：金枪鱼，肥料战争升级
 
(Law 360)
 
In Law360's latest look at the World Trade Organization's Dispute Settlement Body, Mexico vows to retaliate against discriminatory U.S. tuna labeling rules, Ukraine blocks Russia's attempt to advance a case over fertilizer duties, and Europe attempts to extinguish a contentious fight with China on fastener tariffs.
在Law360对于世界贸易组织争端解决机构的最新观察中，墨西哥发誓要报复歧视性的美国金枪鱼标签规则，乌克兰阻止俄罗斯尝试提起肥料关税诉讼，欧洲试图结束与中国进行的有争议的紧固件关税之战。
 
Mexico Seeks Payback for Tuna Rules
墨西哥试图报复金枪鱼规则
 
The Mexican government said that the Obama administration's release of newly revamped "dolphin-safe" tuna labeling regulations would not deter it from pursuing its right to slap $472 million in annual tariffs on U.S. products in light of the WTO's many decisions faulting earlier versions of the labeling regime.
墨西哥政府表示，奥巴马当局发布新修订的“海豚安全”金枪鱼标签规定不会阻止墨西哥行使权利对美国产品征收4.72亿美元的年度关税，因为WTO的许多裁决指责标签制度的早期版本存在错误。
 
For its part, the U.S. delegation said it intended to oppose Mexico's retaliation bid and informed members that the new rules it unveiled this week addresses all of Mexico's concerns and brings it into full compliance with WTO rules.
美国代表团表示，美国准备反对墨西哥的报复性提议，并且告知各成员，本周发布的新规则解决了墨西哥的所有问题，完全符合WTO规则。
 
While various WTO panel and appellate body reports have faulted the tuna labeling rules on different grounds, the core finding has remained unaltered: that the U.S. rules place an unfair burden on Mexican fishers to attain a dolphin-safe label for its tuna products.
虽然WTO专家组和上诉机构的各种报告根据不同的理由指责金枪鱼标签规则，但核心裁决并未改变：美国规则强迫墨西哥渔民为金枪鱼产品获得海豚安全标签有失公平。
 
Though it said it is still poring over the details of the Obama administration's newest labeling rules, Mexico expressed doubt that the issue had been fully resolved and vowed to forge ahead with its retaliation bid.
墨西哥表示仍在研究奥巴马政府最新标签规则的细节，对于已经完全解决问题的说法表示怀疑，并且发誓要逐步落实报复性提议。
 
"We regret that once more United States has taken unilateral action to resolve international problems," Mexico said at the meeting. "This only shows that United States is convinced that its dolphin-safe label was not in compliance with the WTO."
“我们感到遗憾的是，美国又一次采取单边措施解决国际问题。”墨西哥在会议上表示。“这只能表明美国承认它的海豚安全标签不符合WTO规则。”
 
Ukraine Stalls Russian Fertilizer Case
乌克兰阻击俄罗斯肥料案
 
Staring down a complaint from Russia regarding anti-dumping duties on fertilizer-grade ammonium nitrate, Ukraine was able to block Moscow's first request for the formation of a dispute settlement panel to adjudicate its claims.
俄罗斯投诉乌克兰对肥料级硝酸铵征收反倾销税，乌克兰对此表示轻蔑，能够阻止莫斯科首先提出的请求，即建立争端解决专家组裁定它的投诉。
 
Russia made its request after failing to resolve the issue with Ukraine through bilateral discussions, which first took place nearly nine months ago.
俄罗斯与乌克兰通过双边谈判解决问题失败后，俄罗斯大约在九个月前首次提出上述要求。
 
Generally speaking, Russia has asserted that Ukraine's anti-dumping duties on its ammonium nitrate shipments installed in 2014 run afoul of the multilateral trade body's rules governing trade remedy application.
总的说来，俄罗斯声称，乌克兰对于俄罗斯2014年装运的硝酸铵征收反倾销税违反了多边贸易体的贸易救济应用规则。
 
Despite the fact that Russia initiated the case nearly a year ago and bilateral talks have yielded no results thus far, Ukraine voiced support keeping a dialogue open with Moscow.
俄罗斯大约在一年前提起诉讼，迄今为止双边谈判也没有结果，但乌克兰仍然希望与莫斯科继续公开对话。
 
"We remain open to continue these discussions in order to achieve a solution that is mutually acceptable, which is the preferred option under the rules and procedures governing the settlement of disputes," Ukraine said at Monday’s meeting. "Therefore, Ukraine does not agree to accept this request for the establishment of a panel."
“我们仍然希望继续进行讨论，从而形成双方都接受的解决方案，这是基于争端解决规则和程序的最佳选择。”乌克兰在星期一的会议上表示。“因此，乌克兰不同意接受建立专家组的请求。”
 
Countries facing WTO claims traditionally opt to block an initial panel request in an attempt to buy more time to prepare their defense. A panel will be automatically formed when Russia requests it again, which will likely take place at next month's DSB meeting.
面临WTO诉求的国家通常选择阻止建立专家组的首次请求，旨在争取更多时间准备抗辩。如果俄罗斯再次申请，则专家组将会自动建立，可能会在下个月的DSB会议上建立。
 
EU Mollifies China's Fastener Concerns
欧盟缓和中国的紧固件问题
 
The European Union informed the DSB that it had repealed a set ofcontroversial anti-dumping duties on Chinese screws, bolts and other fasteners in order to fall in line with a series of WTO decisions that deemed the tariffs discriminatory.
欧盟向DSB告知，欧盟已经撤销了针对中国螺钉、螺栓和其它紧固件的一系列存在争议的反倾销税，旨在遵守认为这些反倾销税具有歧视性的一系列WTO裁决。
 
The EU adopted its repeal regulation a mere 10 days after the WTO formally codified the panel reports that found Chinese producers were not given a fair shake during the investigation that ultimately led to the implementation of the duties.
WTO正式编辑整理了专家组报告，这些报告确定在调查期间中国生产商未获公平待遇，最终导致征收反倾销税。WTO编辑报告后仅10天，欧盟就通过了撤销规定。
 
"Thus, the measures found to be inconsistent with the covered agreements have clearly been removed, ensuring the EU's full compliance," the Brussels delegation said. "The EU considers that the repeal of those measures amounts to a final resolution of the matters raised in this dispute."
“因此，被裁定违反相关协议的措施已经明确撤销，旨在确保欧盟完全合规。”布鲁塞尔代表团表示。“欧盟认为，撤销这些措施相当于最终解决在本争端中提出的问题。”
 
China used the meeting to take something of a victory lap regarding the dispute, warning the EU to refrain from imposing similarly structured duties again, lest the 28-nation bloc again feel the might of China's litigators in Geneva.
中国利用这次会议显示胜利者姿态，警告欧盟切勿再次征收类似的关税，以免28国集团又要在日内瓦感受中国诉讼代表的威力。
 
"The findings and rulings of the DSB ... reveals once again that some WTO members' discriminative investigation practice and trade defense measures against products from China could not be justified by WTO rules," China said. "China will pay close attention to such kind of practice ... and will not hesitate to protect the industrial interests through the dispute settlement mechanism when necessary."
“DSB的结论和裁定……再次揭示一些WTO成员针对中国产品的歧视性调查和贸易保护措施违反了WTO规则。”中国表示。“中国将会密切关注这类行为……并且在必要时毫不犹豫地通过争端解决机制保护产业利益。”
 
US, India Still Working on Countervailing Duty Dispute
美国和印度仍在处理反补贴税争端
 
India has granted the U.S. a 30-day extension of the deadline to comply with a WTO ruling that struck down a series of countervailing duties on Indian steel goods, but New Delhi voiced concerns about the sluggish pace of the Obama administration's efforts.
印度给予美国30天宽限期执行WTO的裁决，该裁决判定针对印度钢铁制品征收的一系列反补贴税无效，但是新德里对于奥巴马当局的迟缓步伐表示忧虑。
 
The WTO faulted both the U.S. Department of Commerce's tabulation of the duties, as well as the U.S. International Trade Commission's assessment of the injury suffered by domestic producers. Each agency has put forth preliminary opinions that are meant to bring the U.S. in line with the WTO's wishes, but India has continued to hold the administration's feet to the fire.
WTO批评了美国商务部的关税制表以及美国国际贸易委员会对于国内生产商所受损害的评估。这两个机构都提出了初步意见，表示美国准备遵守WTO的要求，但印度继续对美国当局施压。
 
"India has significant concerns on the steps taken so far for implementing the DSB recommendations in this dispute," the government said. "The failure to initiate any good faith efforts in this direction, with the [compliance] deadline being so close now, is a cause for serious and systemic concerns."
“印度一直密切关注为了实施DSB对于本次争端的建议美国迄今为止采取的步骤。”印度表示。“在这个方向上未能启动善意措施，并且[合规]的最终期限即使来临，因此我们表示全面的严重关切。”
 
The Indian delegation said it is still reviewing the merits of both the Commerce and ITC proposals and moved the U.S. deadline for compliance from March 19 to April 18. The U.S. offered the DSB a brief rundown of its compliance efforts so far and vowed to carry on with that effort as needed.
印度代表团表示，印度仍在审核商务部和国际贸易委员会的建议，并且将美国的合规最终期限从3月19日推迟至4月18日。美国向DSB提供了迄今为止合规努力的纲要，发誓会根据需要继续推进。
 
"The United States will continue to work to address the recommendations and rulings of the DSB and to consult with interested parties," the government said.
“美国将继续处理DSB的建议和裁决，并且与相关方进行协商。”美国政府表示。